![]() Those with long-term problems are at risk of urinary tract infections. When of gradual onset, symptoms may include loss of bladder control, mild lower abdominal pain, and a weak urine stream. When the onset is sudden, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. In males over the age of 40 about 6 per 1,000 are affected a year. Males are more often affected than females. Other treatments may include medication to decrease the size of the prostate, urethral dilation, a urethral stent, or surgery. Treatment is typically with a catheter either through the urethra or lower abdomen. Diagnosis is typically based on measuring the amount of urine in the bladder after urinating. Medications that can cause problems include anticholinergics, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, decongestants, cyclobenzaprine, diazepam, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), amphetamines, and opioids. Nerve problems can occur from diabetes, trauma, spinal cord problems, stroke, or heavy metal poisoning. ![]() Blockage can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral strictures, bladder stones, a cystocele, constipation, or tumors. Ĭauses include blockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, and weak bladder muscles. When of sudden onset, symptoms include an inability to urinate and lower abdominal pain. Urinary retention is an inability to completely empty the bladder. Long term: Frequent urination, loss of bladder control, urinary tract infection īlockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, weak bladder muscles Īmount of urine in the bladder post urination Ĭatheter, urethral dilation, urethral stents, surgery Īlpha blockers such as terazosin, 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride Ħ per 1,000 per year (males > 40 years old) Sudden onset: Inability to urinate, low abdominal pain Urinary retention with greatly enlarged bladder as seen by CT scan. Ischuria, bladder failure, bladder obstruction
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